Coaching by Managers: No Appointment Required
Last Thursday I was at a meeting with some of the leadership of the Singapore Ministry of Health. It was a lively and well-informed group and they didn't need any of my expertise about executive coaching. The questions that were occupying them were about why a supervisor, manager or executive needs the same skills that professional coaches use. We teach that leaders can be more effective if they have a coaching mindset and coaching skills, but what does that mean? As they pointed out, executives seldom have time to take a 1/2 hour to hold a "coaching session."
Coaching can be useful for both improving performance and developing others, but it may look quite different in practice. For the active manager, coaching happens in the moment, in the hallway, or walking from a meeting. It doesn't usually require an appointment - just an opportunity.
Take the not-unusual problem of a direct report coming to you with a complaint about the performance of a peer on a project. This can be approached in a variety of ways, but I think a coaching approach may be the most promising from the desirable results point of view.
Let's consider the alternatives a manager has. Presumably the manager could agree to go talk with the peer and solve the problem. Depending on the approach the manager takes,the peer may be resentful, feel betrayed by the co-worker, or find it helpful to get some assistance. However, no matter how skilled the intervention by the manager, it will not improve the working relationship between the two peers because one of them ran to a greater authority. The best that can be hoped for is compliance in the present project and postponement of the conflict to the next joint project.
So, let us suppose that our imaginary manager resists the temptation to fix the difference between two others. Let us suppose that the manager uses a directive approach to save time and get the problem off his or her plate. "Go. Work this out between you!" seems likes a better option, but it also has some inherent limitations. There's no telling how well prepared the direct report is to actually work it out effectively. It is likely that the only certain result is that the direct report who has come with the problem feels ignored and may add that frustration to the irritation she already feels with the co-worker who's not carrying his share. How likely is it that the next meeting they have will be productive?
Perhaps a coaching approach could yield a positive result without taking a lot of time. What would that look like? One of the key components of a coaching mindset is a determination to let the person coached keep responsibility for the solution. So a coaching leader will respond without taking over the problem. Questions are the preferred medium. "What have you done so far to solve this?" could be a good opening. "What else could you do?" "What do you know about why your colleague is not delivering?"
These questions have the effect of enlarging the range of actions that the direct report can consider. They take about the same length of time as giving advice or issuing an order, but they create the possibility that the person being coached will take a new tack, try a different approach, and keep at it. They reduce the chance that you will make it worse through intervening (since no one can actually solve a conflict between two others). More importantly, they imply that you have confidence in the intelligence, good intentions, and capability of your direct report. More clearly than just announcing, "I have confidence in you!", it communicates the truth of that. The questions above are just the start, but perhaps you would like to give them a try and see what happens.
When you add coaching to your repertoire of management and leadership skills, you enlarge the range of actions available, you encourage your direct reports to stretch themselves, to consider alternatives. And you create the opportunity for them to feel pride in accomplishment when they do make it work. Coaching approaches are not the best for everything (you still need to direct, organize, advise, and teach), but they are a valuable tool in your box.
~Doug Riddle
